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Duress is Difficult to Prove
Prenuptial agreements are becoming increasingly common in New York. I have been preparing more and more as time goes on. Many people always ask me, will it hold up in Court? As long as the agreement complies with the laws of execution in New York, more and more litigants are finding that it is difficult to set aside agreements under New York State Divorce laws.
In the following case, a Judge in Nassau county set aside a prenuptial agreement, however, the appellate division overturned the judge's ruling and held the agreement was valid.
66.8.4 - - - Weinstein
Weinstein v. Weinstein, 36 A.D.3d 797, 830 N.Y.S.2d 179 (Second Dept. 2007)(2007 WL 178279)(Jan. 23, 2007):
Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.
Neil WEINSTEIN, appellant,
v.
Tina WEINSTEIN, respondent.
Jan. 23, 2007
REINALDO E. RIVERA, J.P., ROBERT A. SPOLZINO, DAVID S. RITTER, and DANIEL D. ANGIOLILLO, JJ.
In an action for a divorce and ancillary relief, the plaintiff husband appeals, as limited by his brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Diamond, J.), entered September 16, 2005, as, after a hearing, denied that branch of his motion which was to dismiss the defendant wife's third affirmative defense alleging that the parties' prenuptial agreement was invalid.
ORDERED that the order is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, with costs, and that branch of the husband's motion which was to dismiss the wife's third affirmative defense is granted.
The husband moved to dismiss the wife's third affirmative defense, in which the wife asserted that the prenuptial agreement was unenforceable because the form of the acknowledgment attached to the agreement did not satisfy the statutory requirements, the agreement was not duly acknowledged, and she executed the agreement under duress. After a hearing, the Supreme Court found the parties' prenuptial agreement to be invalid and unenforceable because the certificate of acknowledgment did not contain the precise language prescribed in Real Property Law ? 309-a. Crediting the wife's testimony, the Supreme Court further concluded that the agreement was unenforceable due to "possible fraud and duress" in its execution. We reverse.
A prenuptial agreement is valid only if it is "in writing, subscribed by the parties, and acknowledged or proven in the manner required to entitle a deed to be recorded" (Domestic Relations Law ? 236[B][3]; see Matisoff v. Dobi, 90 N.Y.2d 127, 132). Here, the agreement was in writing and was subscribed by both parties, but the certificate of acknowledgment attached to the agreement was not in the form currently specified by Real Property Law ? 309-a. Rather, the certificate of acknowledgment was in the form prescribed by the statute prior to its amendment in 1997 (see L 1997, ch 179).
Contrary to the wife's argument, there is no requirement that a certificate of acknowledgment contain the precise language set forth in the Real Property Law. Rather, an acknowledgment is sufficient if it is in substantial compliance with the statute (see Real Property Law ? 309-a[1]; Smith v. Boyd, 101 N.Y. 472; Schum v. Burchard, 211 App.Div. 126, affd 240 N.Y. 577). "There are two aspects to an acknowledgment: the oral declaration of the signer of the document and the written certificate, prepared by one of a number of public officials, generally a notary public" (Garguilio v. Garguilio, 122 A.D.2d 105, 106; see Rogers v. Pell, 154 N.Y. 518, 528-529; Detmer v. Detmer, 248 A.D.2d 582). Since both aspects were satisfied here, the acknowledgment substantially complied with the requirements of the Real Property Law. The minor discrepancy in the date on which the document was executed was not, in itself, a basis to set aside the agreement.
Further, although the Supreme Court found the testimony of the wife with respect to the issue of fraud to be credible, her testimony did not establish a basis upon which the agreement may be set aside. The burden of proof is on the party seeking to invalidate the agreement (see Lombardi v. Lombardi, 235 A.D.2d 400; Forsberg v. Forsberg, 219 A.D.2d 615). In the absence of evidence that the husband wilfully concealed assets, his offer to provide financial disclosure upon the wife's assent to the agreement did not constitute fraud (see Matter of Davis, 20 N.Y.2d 70, 74; Panossian v. Panossian, 172 A.D.2d 811, 813; Eckstein v. Eckstein, 129 A.D.2d 552, 553; Hoffman v. Hoffman, 100 A.D.2d 704, 705). Moreover, the agreement expressly disclaimed any reliance on representations other than those set forth in the agreement. The husband's threat to cancel the wedding if the agreement was not signed did not establish duress (see Colello v. Colello, 9 AD3d 855, 858).
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